Water damage can happen in many ways.Ways such as your sink overflowing, you toilet, your dishwasher or washing machine can all overflow.  You never expect it to happen, but when it does, you have to take some immediate steps to prevent further damage.Of course you will want to call a water damage service company, but prior to them getting there, do these critical steps.  This is coming from years of experience as a water damage San Diego company.

First off, you have to prevent any possibility of electrocution.You need to turn off the power in the flooded areas.  The water damage service company should be able to walk you through how to do that.

Second, you will want to stop any more water.You can do this by cutting off the source of water that caused the flooding.

Third, you are going to want to protect the furniture from any further damage.  Leaving furniture in water can turn something that could have been repaired into an item that will need to be replaced which will cost more money.Remove them from the wet area as quick as possible.

Those are the steps you want to do as soon as possible before you call any water damage company.  But once you have done those things and have called a good company to do the water damage cleanup, here are a few more things you should do while waiting.

You will want to start soaking up as much water as possible with a mop or a large towel to soak up as much of the water as possible.  Remember, the longer any wall or furniture or flooring is exposed to water, the greater the damage can be including mold damage.

Next, you must wipe off all the moisture on your furniture.Once again you are trying to minimize the costs of the damage as much as possible

Also you have to remove any wet area rugs, or whatever else you find on the floor of the wet areas.

Finally any closet doors or dresser drawers or whatever else that can be opened to allow air to circulate you want to open.

Doing these things will allow you to minimize as much damage as possible prior to calling the water damage repair company.   This will also minimize the costs and save you a lot of money in the long run.

To most families, the home is a vital part of their lives.No only the day to day living in it, but also family times goes on there as well as those leisure times.

Well, when you do find it is time to start some work on your house, such as painting, this can be a stressful time and a disruptive time in their lives.

With that being the case, I would now like to you give you some invaluable advice on how to choose the right contractor.  This advice comes from years working with homeowners and also running a San Diego painting company myself.

Now at first, picking the right painting contractor doesn’t see like it should be difficult.  But if you consider the fact that this project will cost thousands of dollars, cause an interruption in the normal day to day life in the home, and of course can result in a beautiful job you can be proud of to one that you are embarrassed to show.  This is a very important decision.

So here are some tips from my experience as a painter San Diego.

First off you are going to want to get quotes from several contractors.You aren’t just trying for the best price.You are doing this so you will be able to get to know the company that you will be working with.Of course when you do get a great price, that’s great, but don’t let that be your driving force.  Remember you want a good job to be done.

Second, you will want to know what type of guarantee or warranty they have on their work.See if the company makes a strong guarantee about your satisifcation.This shows you how confident they are in the work they can do for you.

Third, you want to know how quickly they can start.Also, you want to get a good feel on when they think they can get it done and how quickly.When you do have to cause a disruption in your life like when you have to paint your home.You will have to know
how fast they feel they can get things back in order.

Finally, get references of previous customers.  Contact them and see what they felt of the company.  See how well the work was done, if it was done on time, and is it a good company to work with.

Do these steps and you will ensure a pleasant experience during a time that can be very stressful.  Take it from my years of working with painters in San Diego, doing these few steps will help you greatly.

Water, one of the essential ingredients of life and survival.  But when it is the driving force in a disaster, it is far from being looked at as a life giving force.  It is so damaging and powerful, that when it strikes, nothing can stop it.  When that happens it leaves in its wake home water damage, damaged businesses, and damaged lives.

If you find yourself in a situation of flooding or water damage there are some basic guidelines that have been suggested. First and foremost, if it is during the flood make sure you and your loved ones are safe from harms way.

If you are experiencing the after math of a flood, it can be very disheartening. Water damage can extend from the floor to the ceiling, covering everything in between. Time maybe the most important variable after a flood. Immediately call a company experienced in the clean up and restoration of flood/water events. Do not wait for the following day to call for help, mold and mildew can begin to grow within twenty four hours. And you may want to remove any furniture or valuables as soon as possible.

Valuables in your home can also be damaged even though they don’t experience direct contact with the water.  The damage happens from the high levels of water and humidity in the air that usually occurs during these times.  This is why you want to work a reputable flood damage company because they will know what to do in this type of situation.

During disasters like these, high humidity and general unsanitary conditions go hand in hand with this type of disaster.   So it is important to protect all your valuables immediately.  Remove all belongings and valuables as soon as possible so that a good water restoration company can help you determine if an item can be restored or fixed or if an item is ruined and needs to be replaced.

Another concern is that you will need to report the incident to your insurance company.  These times are what insurance was meant for. Report the flooding and damage to your insurance agent as soon as you can. The insurance money will pay for a reputable water damage and restoration company to come in and help. Do not try to do this on your own. The dollar you save will not be worth the risk taken by you and your family to clean and restore you home. An experienced company will be able to clean carpets, upholstery, air vents as well as repair wood floors, just to name a few services. They will save you time and money in the long run and get you and your family back to your normal lives quicker.

Ever dream of owning an Island or a gorgeous Caribbean home? Then the country of Belize is your answer. Nestled on the Caribbean coast of Central America, this small sovereign nation is ripe in culture, warm year-round in climate and prime in beautiful tropical Belize real estate.

Belize is the only Central American country that has English as the official language, making it ideal for USA citizens to visit, buy a permanent or retirement retreat. Belize originally was a colony of the British Empire, until 1981, when at that time the country declared its independence and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Buying Belize real estate is quite easy for foreigners. Since the legal system is based on the common laws of England, foreign ownership of land is handled in the same manner as in the United States. The process is quite the same, find a piece of Belize real estate you desire, then, hire a real estate agent and a lawyer to execute the necessary paperwork, the same as in the United States.

Of course, maybe you are interested in more than just a piece of Belize real estate, Would an Island interest you? There are more than a few islands available for sale off the coast. One island found just off the coast of Belize is nearly 19 acres, and resplendent with coconut grooves and magnificent shorelines touching the Caribbean. This piece of elegant Belize real estate will set you back about $2.5 million US Dollars. If that is outside of your budget, another smaller island is also on the Belize real estate market at a mere $400,000 US dollars.

Once you have purchased your dream home (or island) you can visit one of the many Belize attraction spots like, the Great Blue Hole, an underwater sinkhole located just off the coast. This natural wonder attracts thousands of tourists each year. Brought to national fame in 1971 by Jacques Coustea, it has become a Mecca for scuba divers and spelunkers the world over. The gorgeous area surrounding the Great Blue Hole is known as the Belize Barrier Reef, approximately half of all tourists to Belize come to the Great Blue hole as their primary reason for visiting the country. Because it is part of the National Park, there are no Belize real estate parcels in close proximity.

The diverse culture of Belize includes the Mayans, from as early as 1000 AD, Mexican and Spanish settlers form the early 1800s, US citizens (who began settling after the Civil War in the 1860′s), Asians (from the 1900′s) Central American immigrants (from the mid 1900s) as well as recent immigrants from the world over looking to own a piece of Belize real estate. The country has become, ‘the Melting Pot’ of central America, as practically every ethnicity is represented there.

Costa Rica is the idyllic place to invest in real estate. Homes for sale in Costa Rica are a virtual bargain: most of them are located in regions with great possible growth in the future and are offered at reasonable prices. Moreover, the laws administering homes for sale in Costa Rica are clear and leave little room for confusion, which can happen quite often when buying lands in foreign countries.

But, first things first: before deciding to buy homes for sale in Costa Rica, remember that Costa Ricans dont live like most US citizens do. No, this is not saying belittling things about Costa Ricans. It is just that Costa Ricans have a different way of life than you may be used to and in order to minimize the culture shock when you decide to buy homes for sale in Costa Rica, it is important that you learn a few things about how Costa Ricans live.

The most important thing to remember when buying homes for sale in Costa Rica is that Costa Ricans place low to no value on the following things:

* Kitchens: Kitchens are a must in homes for sale in Costa Rica, yes, but it is usually the maids who do the cooking. Unlike the US, the kitchen is just for cooking- not for gathering or entertaining.

*Pantry: Costa Ricans eat simple meals, freshly prepared- so there is no need to store a lot of food.

*Formal dining rooms: Costa Ricans typically entertain only their family members, so they don’t typically need a formal dining room.

* TV in each bedroom: Families typically watch the same program together so it would be unusual to find a TV in each bedroom.

* Hot water The warm climate in Costa Rica dispels the need for that. The bathrooms usually have cold showers. Hot water is not found in the kitchen either.

* Large master suite: In homes for sale in Costa Rica, the bedrooms are just places where you sleep. Forget about having a nice and cozy hiding place where you can lounge for days.

*Finishes: These tend to be very simple and easy to care for. Why spend time cleaning or polishing. You will find people living in cheap homes but driving a Mercedes to work. Nice looking homes are not that important to them since they hardly invite strangers to their homes.

* Garden and Yard: Homes for sale in Costa Rica do not usually have these, especially if the home you are considering is located in the city. City people just do not have the time to maintain a garden or a yard. What they have instead is a quinta, which is a small cottage in the countryside where city people go to when they need some leisure.

If you are looking for the simple life, focused on beauty, nature, and the outdoors, you will love the Costa Rican lifestyle. 

Japan is well-known for cutting edge innovations that often go unnoticed by the Western world. But Sharp Corporation’s press release on 27 August 2008 cannot be ignored! Incorporated in its ionic air purifier, the Plasmacluster Ion Technology (more on this in a later post) has just been scientifically proven to be 99.9% effective in destroying the bird flu virus known as H5N1.

As we have been constantly reminded by the press, bird flu is the prime suspect to cause mankind’s next pandemic. Pandemic sounds terrifying. It is. That’s when a highly contagious and deadly virus goes global, in a very negative sense. In 1918, an invisible bug is believed to have wiped out 50 million people during the Spanish Flu pandemic! That deadly killer flu was confirmed on 5 October 2005 by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be caused by H1N1, a bird flu virus.

PANIC STATIONS! PANIC STATIONS?

Not now. WHO data, updated as at 10 Sep 2008, shows the death toll to be only 245 since records were kept from 1996 when the H5N1 was first identified in China. So what’s the fuss? A bird flu virus that attains human-to-human transmission capability is the ultimate horror of the scientific community. As of now, there has been only one probable case of human-to-human transmission recorded in Thailand in September 2004. Should the dreaded virus mutation take place, you can expect pandemonium on a global scale.

With increasing momentum. many countries are conscientiously preparing for the worse (more on this in a later post). As protectors of our families and loved ones, we should start doing some homework too.

Ok, so what’s all this got to do with Sharp’s ionic air purifier. Isn’t it just another ionic air purifier? Yes, because it takes care of the usual pollutants (dust, dirt, smoke, dander, pollen, cuisine odors, pet odors, allergens etc) that contaminate the air that we breathe and live in. But if we can get protection from all these and more in one ionic air purifier, especially one that is a tested defense shield against a potentially deadly virus, why not? That’s what Sharp is saying, get the all-in-one air purifier with their Plasmacluster Ion Air Purifier.

Obviously, for the value-conscious, the next logical question would be “yes, that makes a whole lot of sense but at what cost”? Here again, Sharp claims that it’s at no extra cost! Sharp contends that it is cheaper than any other competing ionic air purifier when measured over 5 years. Now, that’s value for money! How is it possible in this nothing-is-for-free world?

With the Plasmacluster Ionic Air Purifier Model FP-N40CX as the basis, Sharp contends that it is great value for money as there is no filter replacement costs for the first 5 years. At US$399, the Sharp model compares favourably against a typical competitor’s ionic air purifier that may cost US$160 upfront but over 5 years cost a total of US$560 due to annual filter replacement costs of US$100 each.

If anyone has relevant numbers on Sharp and the competitors, your feedback will be much appreciated. Feel free to drop me a note if you have actual data.

Meanwhile, I’m going to scrutinise intently the Sharp Plasmacluster Ion Technology. The time to research is now, while bird flu is still not quite at pandemic proportions.

It’ll be way too late when that hits. Fear etches itself deep in my psyche. I remember my family, along with thousands of other frantic people, scrambling around town looking for the much-touted N95 face mask when the last near-pandemic scare took place in Asia. For the uninitiated, it was the year 2003. The SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) virus originated in Asia, infected 8,096 people around the world before finally resulting in 774 fatalities. We all know that being well prepared is half the battle won.

Watch this space as we track exciting developments in our pursuit of safe, pure and clean air with nothing more than an ionic air purifier.

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Although it’s relatively easy to find  cheap homes in spain, UK residents should know that the cost of the home is only one aspect of cheap homes to buy in Spain. There are some every day costs that those who obtain holiday homes in Spain are subjected to—the same as at home. In this article, we’ll compare some of the typical expenses involved in owning Spanish homes. Sometimes evaluations such as this can depend on the place in which your Spanish holiday home is located and on your budgeting plan; but, it is useful to know basically what to look forward to. 

The Price of Residing in Spain

Normally, it is to be expected that the common price of living in a cheap home is Spain would run about 10% to 15%  lower than the cost of living in the UK. So a bag of groceries, for example, that costs about £30 in the UK will cost up to Euro 25, less in Spain. When trying to obtain a bargain home is Spain, housing will probably be what most of the money in your budget is spent on. Depending on the area, studios start at Euro 49,000 (£39,000), apartments at Euro 81,000 (£64,000), townhouses at Euro 110,000 (£87,000) and villas at Euro 169,000 (£134,000). There’s good news on mortgage rates for homes in spain: typical rates are about 5.5%. Electricity and gas charges about the same as the united kingdom. Even though the water cost in Spain is Euro 15 (£12) or less monthly, several residences have gardens, fountains, or swimming pools—therefore, a purchaser should have 4 times that much in their expenditure allotment. Regarding holiday homes in Spain, real estate taxes run below Euro 250,000 (£198) each year. 

The Price of Food in Spain

When people are looking to obtain holiday homes in Spain, the cost of food items is possibly the second biggest expenditure. Despite the fact that prices are different with regards to region, some median prices appear below for contrasting purposes. Be certain to look into food costs in the location in which you are pondering to purchase your holiday home in Spain. In general, though, grocery costs overall are about 2/3 what they are in the UK, provided you do your own cooking from scratch. However, the costs will run the same as in the UK if you choose to use convenience or already packaged items for cooking.

{Meat – chicken – Euro 2.60 to Euro 4.00 (1 Euro  is roughly the same as .8 GBP)

Meat – pork chops – Euro 5.00 to Euro 6.00

Meat – lamb – Euro 8.00 – Euro 10.00

Cheese – Spanish – Euro 3.00 for about 250g

Cheese – Cheddar – Euro 6.00 for about 250g

Tea – Euro 2.00 to Euro 2.50

Milk – Euro 1.00 per liter

Frozen pizza – Euro 3.50

Vegetables – tomatoes – 80c per kilo

Vegetables – green peppers – Euro 1.80 per kilo

Vegetables – potatoes – 70c per kilo

Breakfast cereal – Euro 2.60 for about 400g

Wine – Spanish – approximately half the expense in the UK

Wine – French, Italian or Australian – slightly under in the UK}

You may wish to eat out, in this case you will need about Euro 15.00 to Euro 20.00 for each individual for dinner and Euro 6.00 each for lunch. Unfortunately, takeaway food isn’t generally available in Spain, so be sure consider that factor when planning the food budget for your affordable home in Spain.

Automobiles in Spain

Another item many folks will use when they obtain vacation homes in Spain would be a . Although an automobile costs more in Spain than it does in the UK, buying gas and maintaining the auto is cheaper. When your automobile needs to be fixed, you can anticipate paying Euro 25.00 to Euro 40.00 (hourly rate); if the parts you automobile needs can’t easily be found in Spain, they will cost you more. If your automobile is registered inside Spain, your insurance premium will be fairly inexpensive and the road tax is also remarkably low. However, UK-registered cars are very expensive to insure in Spain. 

All in all, when looking at the purchase price of homes in spain and considering subsidiary costs like taxes, food and automobile transportation, it’s possible for UK residents for find cheap accommodation in this friendly, sun-drenched land. When all is said and done, if contemplating the price of purchasing cheap homes in Spain, and thinking about extra costs like vehicle transportation, food and tax, there is a possibility of residents fro the UK to obtain cheap accommodation in this receptive, sun-soaked land.

You’d be surprised by the number of people in the UK who are buying Holiday Homes in Spain. No matter if you decide to buy Spanish holiday homes, or simply let-to-own, these are excellent places designed to take you far from dreary life and put you on beautiful beachfronts. The article you’re reading will tell you what you need to know about the Spanish properties you can purchase in a couple of coastal areas.

The Homes of Costa Almeria

A seaside province, Almeria is found on the southeastern section of Spain’s Iberian Peninsula. This area covers almost 8800 square kilometers. Due to its unique geographic diversity, you can find both houses and holiday cottages in vibrant, carefully developed areas or in natural, less developed areas. The storied history of Almeria can be seen through various fiestas, as well as the local handcrafts. Your area climate will be mild and dry; plus, you’ll have over 3000 hours of sunshine during the year. With temperatures ranging from 13ºC in the winter to 25ºC in the summer, British citizens seeking vacation homes in Spain will enjoy Almeria. Almerian cuisine is also storied and features foods like porridge, gurullos, and paprika-seasoned dishes, as well. The beachfronts of Puerto del Rey and Aquadulce offer a glimpse of life in a holiday home in Spain.

Costa del Sol

One of the most popular places to visit in Spain happens to be Costa del Sol. For that reason, many Britons who buy Homes in Spain choose to locate them in Costa del Sol’s sheltered coastline that stretches over 160 kilometers east and west of Malaga on the southern coast. Costa del Sol is a remarkable combination of past and present. There are timeless areas such as the Mijas Pueblo village, and the opulence found in Puerto Banus.Owners of vacation Homes In Spain located in this area of Andalucia can enjoy  a variety of fiestas and events, including the celebrated running of the bulls and a colorful Easter parade. Other attractions found in Costa del Sol include a museum, theater – and Picasso’s birthplace. The cuisine of Costa del Sol is a spectacular blend of fish and seafood dishes like “el pescaito frito” (fried fish) with the traditional meat and sausage fare typical of Spain, like the classic paella in all its delicious variations. There are excellent areas suitable for holiday houses, like la Caleta and la Malagueta. Britons who want to purchase vacation homes for sale in Spain can take comfort in beautiful weather and 320 days worth of sun.

UK residents purchasing holiday homes in Spain may be attracted by the great weather, or the reasonable home prices – or they may simply enjoy other amenities they can find…whether in Costa del Sol or Costa Almeria.

Introduction

Ionic air purifiers hold the promise of clean air, purified of all known harmful contaminants that threaten our health. Our naked eyes cannot see these harmful impurities. The weapons against such are very likely to be invisible to our eyes as well. Intuitively, the logic is compelling. But these days, finding a simple and quick solution is rare. Googling the subject unearths a ton of controversy. Even though I am tempted to quickly get an ionic air purifier to clean the air I breathe, it is clear that more time and effort is needed. Product safety must take precedence over effectiveness in choosing an ionic air purifier.

The recent China melamine saga that killed infants also is a timely reminder to us that in buying into any technology or any product, all claims by manufacturers and distributors must be examined to the fullest extent that our resources permit. This is especially so where the key reactive agent is invisible to the naked eye. My investigation of ionic air purifier technologies falls within this realm, as the reactive agents are ions that are invisible to our eyes.

This article is an overview of existing ionic air purifier technology in the marketplace. My back-to-basics approach is an attempt, as a layperson, to understand the science behind the technology. The creation of a powerful invisible defence shield against airborne molecular contaminants is increasingly taking centrestage. The predominant airborne threat being monitored by scientists the world over is the avian flu virus.

Types of Ionic Air Purifier Technologies

Broadly speaking, air purification technologies can be deployed in either passive or active modes. Under passive technology modes, reactive agents are contained in the air purifier whilst impure air is drawn in for cleansing before being pushed back to the environment. Conversely, in active mode, reactive agents are pumped into the impure air environment. Interestingly, marketeers betray their lack of confidence in their own ionic air purifier technologies by combining both passive and active modes.

In the global market today, ionic air purifier technologies include the following categories:

(A) Ion generator – positive and negative ions
(B) Ion generator – negative ions only
(C) Photocatalytic Oxidation (POC)
(D) Electrostatic filter
(E) Combos

Ion Generator – Positive and Negative Ions

This combination of positive and negative ions appears to show the most promise for the future of ionic air purifier technology. Pioneered by the Japanese corporate giant, Sharp Corporation, they are known as plasmacluster ions.

Sharp explains that the plasmacluster of positive and negative ions clump to harmful airborne bacteria and viruses. In so doing, the production of hydroxyl is activated. Commonly known as nature’s detergent, hydroxyl is a powerful reactive species that destroys airborne particulates by removing hydrogen molecules from their organic structures. Harmless by-products, mainly water, are generated by this chemical reaction.

A differential ion generator is used in this technology, comprising a positive and a negative ion generator which can be powered in alternate cycles to control the type of ions generated.

Advocates of the positive and negative ions combination claim that a balance of both these ion types is to be found in places like waterfalls and pristine forests, i.e. this is the actual state in nature. Diametrically, believers of the negative ions technology take the view that negative ions dominate the space in natural habitats and that positive ions are actually harmful. As I progress with my research, I shall be looking for independent scientific studies that support either of these two opposing views.

Ion Generator – Negative Ions

The traditional ionic air purifier produces only negative ions. Apparently, negative ions technology dominates the ionic air purifier market at the moment but Sharp’s plamascluster technology is increasingly proving to be a serious alternative.

It is claimed that nearly all harmful airborne particulates like dust, smoke and bacteria etc have a positive charge. Negatively charged ions are naturally attracted to these particulates until they sink to the ground by sheer weight. Thereafter, simple vacuuming removes these impurities. Critics of negative ion technology charge that the weighed down particulates are not destroyed and the mere act of walking around the room kicks them back into the air that we breathe.

It seems that there are several ways to produce negative ions. This has significance as the various methods result in different by-products, some of which are harmful. These methods include:

(1) Water method – this employs what is known as the waterfall or Lenard Effect. Water droplets are splashed onto a metal plate where a small electric charge is applied. Large numbers of negative ions are produced as water droplets are split. No harmful by-products result from using the water method to produce ions.

(2) Electron radiation method – this is based on a single negative discharge electrode needle. The simple application of a high voltage pulse to the electrode results in millions of negatively-charged electrons being produced. This method does not result in ozone being produced. It is claimed that this is because a “smaller” energy pulse is applied.

(3) Corona discharge method – this is based on a dual electrode model, a sharp metal electrode and a flat electrode. An extremely high voltage is then applied to the two electrodes. This creates a massive movement of electrons between the electrodes and ionises the air in between them. This method has been criticised for the production of harmful by-products like ozone and nitride oxide.

Photocatalytic Oxidation (POC)

This technology is commonly applied in a passive mode. The key reactive purifying agent is hydroxyl, nature’s detergent.

Germicidal ultraviolet (UV) light is commonly shone on a catalyst (usually titanium oxide) to produce hydroxyl, oxygen and peroxide, all of which are potent oxidising agents that are very effective at destroying the organic structure of micro-organisms and gaseous volatile organic compounds.

Comprehensive defence is the key strength of POC technology. Proponents of this technology claim that POC inactivates ALL categories of indoor pollution, including:

(1) airborne particulates i.e. dust, pet dander, plant pollen, sea salts, tobacco smoke, industrial and car pollution, etc

(2) bioaerosols i.e. biological compounds that may be infectious (e.g. pathogenic bacteria and viruses) or non-contagious and non-infectious (e.g. non-pathogenic bacteria, molds, cell debris)

(3) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) i.e. gaseous chemicals or odours – benzene, styrene, toluene, chloroform, hexane, ethanol, formaldehyde, ethylene, etc, all common emissions from everyday products of our modern home.

Critics of POC zoom in on the power effects of hydroxyl, claiming that they cannot differentiate between the organic structures that make up molecular contaminants and our lung tissue, eye cornea or nose membranes.

Electrostatic Filter

This technology appears to have originated in heavy industries which produced abundant pollutants. The typical electrostatic filter ionic air purifier includes two electrodes sandwiching a porous dielectric material. The dielectric material impedes electrical conductivity whilst the electrodes efficiently conduct electricity.

Contaminated air is drawn into the electrostatic puriifer and made to pass over the dielectric material which acts like a sieve. Electrostatic forces between the electrodes causes airborne particulates i.e.dust, smoke contaminants, etc, to stick to the dielectric surface. Out of the other end of the purifier, cleaned air is recirculated.

An ion source is often placed before the electrostatic filter to impart an electric charge to the airborne particulates. The impurities, now carrying an electrical charge, stick more effectively to the dielectric material.

Criticism of electrostatic filter technology focuses on ozone as a by-product, commonly assumed to be produced in all ionisation processes.

Combo Ionic Air Purifiers

To cater to the various adherents and critics of the diverse technologies, combos incorporate all or some of the above types of technologies. Combos may include:

(1) adsorptive materials such as activated carbon or oxygenated charcoal (known for its extremely porous large surface area) are added to POC technology to enhance the removal of VOCs;

(2) oxidizing catalysts like titanium oxide are coated on various components of all types of air purifiers to enhance VOC elimination;

(3) reducing catalysts such as manganese dioxide are coated near the exit outlets of many air purifiers to reduce reactive species like ozone and nitric oxide which may be harmful;

(4) generating ions by differing methods such as using microwave, UV light, radio frequency waves, and direct current;

(5) tweaking the specifications of any ionic air purifier technology so as to attain the well-known HEPA status without actually using HEPA filters.

Obviously, the process of selecting the most efficient and effective ionic air purifier involves analysing a deluge of information. I have barely skimmed the surface of the safety issues of each technology. I have also not studied in detail the claims of each technology. So before you put your money down for any air purifier in your homes, offices, schools, etc, check back here for updates as I continue my quest for the ideal ionic air purifier.

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